Anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage.
Semin Neurol. 2010 Nov;30(5):565-72
Authors: Flaherty ML
The incidence of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (AAICH) quintupled during the 1990 s, proba…

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Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
Semin Neurol. 2010 Nov;30(5):555-64
Authors: Aguilar MI, Freeman WD
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is defined as bleeding within the brain parenchyma, and occurs twice…

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Acute ischemic stroke management: medical management.
Semin Neurol. 2010 Nov;30(5):461-8
Authors: Barrett KM, Meschia JF
The initial management of a patient with suspected stroke necessitates a rapid and focused evalua…

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Myopathic complications of medical disease.

Semin Neurol. 2009 Apr;29(2):163-80

Authors: Soni M, Amato AA

Disorders of muscle may be primary or acquired secondary to an underlying medical condition. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic elevations in creatine kinase to fatal rhabdomyolysis. Recognition of the underlying precipitant is imperative to effectively institute treatment for a potentially reversible process. The focus of this article is to review complications of systemic illness that result in signs and symptoms of muscle dysfunction. Myopathic complications of endocrinopathy, metabolic abnormalities, medications, critical illness, organ transplantation, infection, autoimmune conditions, malignancy, and toxin exposure are discussed, with an emphasis on the clinical features, electromyography, and muscle biopsy findings.

PMID: 19370496 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Seizures and status epilepticus in the intensive care unit.

Semin Neurol. 2008 Nov;28(5):668-81

Authors: Ziai WC, Kaplan PW

Persistent seizures and failure to regain consciousness following witnessed seizure activity require emergency neurological consultation. Although outcome is largely dependent on underlying cause, early maximal anticonvulsant therapy is critical to reducing morbidity. This review covers important concepts in the clinical and EEG diagnosis of status epilepticus, and discusses treatment algorithms for single and recurrent seizures, emphasizing the need to rationalize therapy depending on the presumed duration of seizure activity. The review takes the perspective of the neurological consultant in the intensive care unit, and considers all pharmacological approaches available to the intensivist as described in the current literature and from clinical experience.

PMID: 19115173 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Preoperative evaluation of patients with neurological disease.

Semin Neurol. 2008 Nov;28(5):603-10

Authors: Lieb K, Selim M

A thorough evaluation of patients with neurological diseases undergoing surgery can reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality, especially stroke. Various neurological disorders and neurosurgical procedures may influence the nature and extent of preoperative evaluation, selection and conduct of anesthesia, and perioperative management and care. Although anesthesiologists primarily perform a preoperative evaluation of neurological patients, neurologists can contribute further valuable information about the neurological condition and perioperative management of various neurological diseases to obtain the best possible outcome. This article outlines the basic elements of preoperative evaluation and highlights specific considerations for neurological patients undergoing surgery.

PMID: 19115168 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Disorders of cranial nerves IX and X.

Semin Neurol. 2009 Feb;29(1):85-92

Authors: Erman AB, Kejner AE, Hogikyan ND, Feldman EL

The glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves mediate the complex interplay between the many functions of the upper aerodigestive tract. Defects may occur anywhere from the brainstem to the peripheral nerve and can result in significant impairment in speech, swallowing, and breathing. Multiple etiologies can produce symptoms. In this review, the authors broadly examine the normal functions, clinical examination, and various pathologies of cranial nerves IX and X.

PMID: 19214937 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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