Urinary catheter-associated infections.

Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2012 Mar;26(1):13-27

Authors: Nicolle LE

Abstract
Catheter-acquired urinary infection is the most common device-associated healthcare-acquired infection. Although most patients are asymptomatic, symptomatic infection may occur and is associated with increased morbidity and costs. Long-term indwelling catheters are associated with more complex microbiology and greater morbidity than short-term catheters. The most effective way to prevent these infections is to restrict indwelling urinary catheter use to limited indications, and to discontinue use of a catheter as soon as feasible. Alternate means of managing bladder emptying, including external condom catheters for men and intermittent catheterization for patients with neurologic impairment of bladder emptying, should be used when possible.

PMID: 22284373 [PubMed - in process]

Cardiovascular implantable electronic device associated infections.

Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2012 Mar;26(1):57-76

Authors: Gandhi T, Crawford T, Riddell J

Abstract
Infectious complications of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) have risen out of proportion to overall increases in use. Although CIED can provide potentially life-saving benefits, device-associated infections can be a devastating complication. This article examines the epidemiology and microbiology of CIED infection and reviews specific host and procedural risk factors. Recent advances in the diagnosis of CIED infections and the multifaceted approach required for successful management in this complex patient population are also considered.

PMID: 22284376 [PubMed - in process]

New developments in the prevention of intravascular catheter associated infections.

Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2012 Mar;26(1):1-11

Authors: Hewlett AL, Rupp ME

Abstract
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLA-BSI) are one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections, resulting in significant morbidity and substantial excess cost. There is a growing recognition that most CLA-BSIs are preventable. Elimination of preventable CLA-BSI is the focus of a recently released CDC Guideline. Universal preventative measures include collaborative performance improvement using checklists and bundles, education of persons who insert and maintain catheters, maximal sterile barrier precautions, and chlorhexidine skin preparation. Technologic innovations including coated catheters, antimicrobial impregnated dressings, and antimicrobial lock solutions should be considered if the rate of CLA-BSI is not acceptable after application of universal precautions.

PMID: 22284372 [PubMed - in process]